During which process is a user granted specific access rights to resources?

The process in which a user is granted specific access rights to resources is known as authorization. After a user has successfully identified themselves through authentication, which verifies their identity, authorization comes into play to determine what resources and actions the user is permitted to access or perform. This includes defining permissions for files, applications, and network resources based on the user’s role, the organization’s policies, and the security levels required for various resources. Thus, authorization is a crucial step in the security framework that ensures users can only access information and systems that align with their permissions, thereby preventing unauthorized access and potential breaches.

While authentication, encryption, and auditing are all important components of information security, they serve different purposes. Authentication focuses on verifying a user's identity, encryption secures data by converting it into a format that cannot be easily read by unauthorized users, and auditing involves reviewing and analyzing access logs to ensure compliance and detect anomalies.