How does a vulnerability scanner enhance port scanning?

A vulnerability scanner enhances port scanning primarily by matching the results of its scans to a database of potential vulnerabilities. This process allows security professionals to gain deeper insights into not just the open ports and services running on a target system, but also the specific vulnerabilities associated with those services.

When a port scan identifies open ports, a vulnerability scanner can then query its extensive database to determine if known vulnerabilities are associated with the services exposed on these ports. This means that the security team can prioritize weaknesses in their systems that need to be addressed, thus enhancing their overall security posture. This is a critical feature because it moves beyond mere detection of open ports and focuses on identifying actionable vulnerabilities that could be exploited by attackers.

In contrast, the other options do not directly contribute to enhancing port scanning. Encrypting network traffic relates to securing data in transit but does not inform about vulnerabilities. Testing for natural disasters (fires, floods) is unrelated to cybersecurity and vulnerability management. Bypassing firewalls is typically considered a method of evading security, which does not align with the goal of enhancing the analytical capabilities of a port scan.