In information security, what does the term 'access control' generally relate to?

Access control in information security refers to the processes and policies that determine who is allowed to access specific data, systems, or resources and under what conditions. It encompasses setting permissions that control the actions users can take, such as reading, writing, or executing files. Effective access control mechanisms are essential for protecting sensitive information and ensuring that only authorized individuals can obtain or manipulate resources.

Setting these permissions can involve various methods, including role-based access control (RBAC), discretionary access control (DAC), and mandatory access control (MAC), each serving to establish clear boundaries around data and system use. By ensuring that only the right people have access to critical resources, organizations mitigate risks associated with unauthorized access and potential breaches.

The incorrect options do not align with the primary focus of access control. For instance, establishing a computer network pertains to network architecture rather than regulating access to resources. Collecting data from end-users relates to data management practices and privacy concerns but does not specifically address access control mechanisms. Similarly, creating software applications involves software development and engineering, which is distinct from the governance of access to those applications or their data.