What defines a data spill in information security?

A data spill in information security refers to the transfer of sensitive information to unauthorized systems. This scenario typically involves sensitive data being exposed or accessed by individuals or systems that do not have the proper clearance or authorization to view that information. Such incidents can result from various factors, including system misconfigurations, human error, or inadequate security controls.

The occurrence of a data spill can lead to data breaches, where sensitive data is disclosed, potentially causing harm to individuals or organizations and violating regulations or compliance standards. The focus on unauthorized systems underscores the breach of trust and security associated with the management of sensitive data.

The other options, while they involve aspects of data protection and privacy, do not encapsulate the concept of a data spill as explicitly as the correct choice. For example, unintentional sharing of personal information may not necessarily involve unauthorized systems; it could occur within authorized contexts. Deliberate access to secure files implies a conscious action without the context of mishandling or spilling information. Lastly, backup storage of classified documents relates more to data management practices than to the event of a data spill.