What does compartmentalization in network security refer to?

Compartmentalization in network security specifically refers to the practice of separating a network into different security zones or segments. This approach enhances security by limiting the access of users or systems to only the parts of the network necessary for their function or role. By creating distinct zones, organizations can better control and mitigate risks, as a breach in one zone does not necessarily compromise the entire network. It allows for tailored security policies and mechanisms in each zone, which can be designed to address specific threats or compliance requirements.

This method also aids in reducing lateral movement within the network, where an attacker could exploit one weakness and move through the system unhindered. By isolating different areas and functions, compartmentalization helps to protect sensitive data and critical assets more effectively. In contrast, other options focus on either enhancements unrelated to security (like increasing network speed) or less specific practices (like logical segmentation), which, while related, do not capture the full essence of compartmentalization, specifically its focus on security zones.