What is a Pseudo-random number generator (PRNG) used for in computers?

A pseudo-random number generator (PRNG) is primarily used to create sequences of numbers that approximate the properties of random numbers, which is essential for various applications in computing, especially in simulations, cryptography, and game design.

The essence of a PRNG is that it uses deterministic processes (algorithms) to produce a sequence of numbers that only appears random. This means that while they can generate numbers that are statistically random, they do not generate true random values as a physical random number generator would, which relies on unpredictable physical phenomena.

In the context of the options provided, one of the key uses of a PRNG is to serve as a reliable method to generate random numbers in environments where true randomness is difficult or impossible to obtain, such as in digital systems and simulations. It compensates for the inability of computing systems to natively produce true random values and provides a practicable alternative.

While PRNGs are beneficial in cryptography for generating keys and other values, they are not inherently designed solely for that purpose. Their broader utility in providing a reliable means to mimic randomness in computational tasks is a pivotal aspect of their design and functionality.