What is the primary characteristic of the dark web?

The primary characteristic of the dark web is that it comprises a segment of the internet that requires a special web browser to access. The most well-known of these browsers is Tor, which routes user traffic through a series of volunteer-operated servers to anonymize their location and usage. This forms the backbone of the dark web, as it allows for greater privacy and anonymity, enabling users to access websites and communicate without revealing their identity or location.

The dark web is distinct from the surface web, which is accessible through standard web browsers and search engines, and requires specialized knowledge and tools to navigate. This unique access requirement is fundamental, as it fosters an environment where both legal and illegal activities can thrive without the oversight typically found on the more conventional parts of the internet.