Which attack can involve sending unsolicited ARP requests or replies?

ARP cache poisoning is a type of attack that specifically involves sending unsolicited ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) requests or replies. This technique is utilized to exploit the ARP protocol, which is used to map IP addresses to MAC (Media Access Control) addresses on a local area network.

In the context of ARP cache poisoning, an attacker sends forged ARP messages onto the network, associating their MAC address with the IP address of a legitimate device. As a result, other devices on the network cache this incorrect mapping. This misrepresentation allows the attacker to intercept, modify, or stop data meant for the victim device, leading to man-in-the-middle attacks and various other security issues.

The other options represent different types of attacks that do not directly involve ARP protocols. For instance, denial-of-service attacks seek to overwhelm a system to render it unavailable to users, drive-by-downloads are attacks where malware is downloaded without the user’s consent during normal activities, and lateral movement refers to techniques used by attackers to navigate through a network after gaining initial access. Each of these has distinct characteristics and objectives not directly related to the manipulation of ARP traffic.