Which of the following best describes token authentication?

Token authentication is a security process that involves something the user possesses, commonly referred to as "something we have." This method typically utilizes a physical device or a software-generated token that generates or provides a unique code to the user. This token is used in conjunction with a username and password to enhance the security of the authentication process.

For instance, a user may be required to enter a one-time code sent to their mobile device or generated by a hardware token. The reliance on a token in this way creates an additional layer of security, as it combines something the user knows (their password) with something they have (the token). This dual factor of authentication makes it more difficult for unauthorized access, as an attacker would need both the password and the physical token.

Other options do not accurately capture the essence of token authentication. For example, requiring a password change is related to maintaining secure password practices rather than the mechanism of token authentication itself. Biometric methods rely on physical traits, such as fingerprints or facial recognition, which is different from the concept of possessing a token. Cognitive passwords imply that the user recalls a specific piece of information, which also diverges from the token process that relies on physical or generated items for authentication.